MODERN ASPECTS OF CLINIC, DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS
Abstract
The article presents the literature data on leishmaniasis. The main forms of leishmaniasis, its clinical symptoms are described, difficulties of diagnostics are reflected, modern methods of treatment are given. Clinically, leishmaniasis can be manifested in the form of subclinical (with minor manifestations), localized (skin lesions) and disseminated (skin, skin-mucous and visceral) forms of the disease. The presence of two clinical varieties of cutaneous leishmaniasis: ostonecrosis (rural, or zoonotic type) and postsozialismus (city anthroponomy type). The causative agent of the first variety is the major, the second is the tropica. Zoonotic skin leishmaniasis is common in rural oases of desert and semi-desert areas of the Middle East, Central Asia, India and Africa. Anthroponotic skin leishmaniasis is mainly common in the Mediterranean, the middle East, the Western part of the Indian subcontinent. For diagnosis are used: dermatoscopy, microscopy of biopsy material, smears, prints, skin scrapings; sowing on 3n medium, PCR, serological diagnosis. In modern chemotherapy, this infection has a significant place antibiotics, sulfonamides, and antifungal aminohinolinovogo preparations, preparations of antimony, aromatic retinoids. One of the most widely used drugs are: Fadin (stibophen), stibines, glucantim, pentostam. Prevention provides for a complex of deratization works, the use of personal protective equipment against mosquitoes.
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