ДВОЙНАЯ И ТРОЙНАЯ АНТИТРОМБОТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ ПРИ ФИБРИЛЛЯЦИИ ПРЕДСЕРДИЙ И ОСТРОМ КОРОНАРНОМ СИНДРОМЕ
Аннотация
Представлены данные о комбинированной антикоагулянтной и антитромбоцитарной терапии у больных с острым коронарным синдромом и фибрилляцией предсердий. Обсуждаются основные положения, изложенные в Руководствах и Согласительных документах по лечению больных с фибрилляцией предсердий, острым коронарным синдромом, реваскуляризации миокарда, применению новых оральных антикоагулянтов, в которых рассматривается двойная и тройная антитромботическая терапия.
Литература
1. Alexander J.H., Lopes R.D., James S., et al. Apixaban with antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2011. - Vol. 365. - P.699-708.
2. Alexander J.H., Becker R.C, Bhatt D.L., et al. Apixaban, an oral, direct, selective factor Xa inhibitor, in combination with antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome: results of the Apixaban for Prevention of Acute Ischemic and Safety Events (APPRAISE) trial // Circulation. - 2009. - Vol. 119. - P.2877- 2885.
3. Alexander J.H., Lopes R.D., Thomas L., et al. Apixaban vs. warfarin with concomitant aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the ARISTOTLE trial // Eur. Heart J. - 2014. - Vol. 35. - P.224-232.
4. Andreotti F., Testa L., Biondi-Zoccai G.G., et al. Aspirin plus warfarin compared to aspirin alone after acute coronary syndromes: an updated and comprehensive meta-analysis of 25,307 patients // Eur. Heart J. - 2006. - Vol. 27. - P.519-526.
5. Bellemain-Appaix A., Brieger D., Beygui F., et al. New P2Y12 inhibitors vs. clopidogrel in percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. - 2010. - Vol. 56. - P.542- 551.
6. Camm A. John., Lip G.Y.H., De Caterina R., et al. An update of the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association // Eur. Heart J. - 2012. - Vol.
33. - P.2719-2747.
7. Cassese S., Byrne R.A., Tada T., et al. Clinical impact of extended dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary interventions in the drug-eluting stent era: a meta-analysis of randomized trials // Eur. Heart J. - 2012. - Vol. 33. - P.3078- 3087.
Chen Z. M., JiangL. X., Chen Y.P., et al. Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial (COMMIT) // Lancet. - 2005. - Vol. 366. - P.1607-1621.
9. Dans A.L., Connolly S.J., Wallentin L., et al. Concomitant use of antiplatelet therapy with dabigatran or warfarin in the Randomized Evaluation of Long-term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) trial // Circulation. - 2013. - Vol. 127. - P.634-640.
10. De Caterina R., Husted S., Wallentin L., et al. New oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndromes ESC Working group on thrombosis. Task Force on anticoagulants in heart disease position paper // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2012. - Vol. 59. - P.1413-1425.
11. Dewilde W.J.M., Oirbans T., Verheugt F.W. WOEST study investigators. Use of clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial // Lancet. - 2013 - Vol. 381. - P.1107-1115.
12. Eikelboom J.W., Mehta S.R., Anand S.S., et al. Adverse impact of bleeding on prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome // Circulation. - 2006. - Vol. 114. - P.774-782.
13. Faxon D.P., Eikelboom J.W., Berger P., et al. Consensus document: antithrombotic therapy inpatients with atrial
fibrillation undergoing coronary stenting. A North-American perspective // Thromb. Haemost. - 2011. - Vol. 106. - P.572-584.
14. Gao F., Zhou Y.J., Wang Z.J., et al. Meta-analysis of the combination of warfarin and dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary stenting in patients with indications for chronic oral anticoagulation // Int. J. Cardiol. - 2011. - Vol. 148. №1. - P.96- 101.
15. Gibson C.M., Chakrabarti A.K., Mega J., et al. ATLAS- ACS 2 TIMI 51 Investigators. Reduction of stent thrombosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with rivaroxaban in ATLAS-ACS 2 TIMI 51 // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. - 2013. - Vol. 62. - P.286-290.
16. Granger C.B., Alexander J.H., McMurray J.J.V., et al. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial finrillation // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2011. - Vol. 365. - P.981-992.
17. Hamm C.W., Bassand J..P, Agewall S., et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) // Eur. Heart J. - 2011. - Vol. 32. - P.2999-3054.
18. Hamon M., Lemesle G., Tricot O., et al. Incidence, source, determinants, and prognostic impact of major bleeding in outpatients with stable coronary artery disease // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. - 2014. - Vol. 64. - P. 1430-1436.
19. Heidbuchel1 H., Verhamme P., Alings M., et al. European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of new oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation // Europace . - 2013. - Vol. 15. - P.625-651.
20. Heidbuchel1 H., Verhamme P., Alings M., et al. Updated European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation // Europace doi:10.1093/europace/ euv309
21. Hurlen M., Abdelnoor M., Smith P., et al. Warfarin, aspirin, or both after myocardial infarction // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2002. - Vol. 347. - P.969-974.
22. Karjalainen P.P., Vikman S., Niemela M., et al. Safety of percutaneous coronary intervention during uninterrupted oral anticoagulant treatment // Eur. Heart J. - 2008. - Vol. 29. - P. 1001-1010.
23. Lamberts M., Olesen J.B., Ruwald M.H., et al. Bleeding after initiation of multiple antithrombotic drugs, including triple therapy, in atrial fibrillation patients following myocardial infarction and coronary intervention: a nationwide cohortstudy // Circulation. - 2012. - Vol.126. - P.1185-1193.
24. Lamberts M., Gislason G.H., Olesen J.B., et al. Oral anticoagulation and antiplatelets in atrial fibrillation patients after myocardial infarction and coronary intervention // J. Am. Coll. Cadiol. - 2013. - Vol. 62. - P.981-989.
25. Lip G.Y., Huber K., Andreotti F., et al. Consensus Document of European Society of Cardiology WorkingGroup on Thrombosis. Antithrombotic management of atrial fibrillation patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome and/or undergoing coronary stenting // Eur. Heart J. - 2010. - Vol. 31. - P. 1311-1318.
26. Lip G..Y, Windecker S., Huber K., et al. Management of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome and/or undergoing percutaneous coronary or valve interventions: a joint consensus document of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis, European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) and European Association of Acute Cardiac Care (ACCA) endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and Asia- Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) // Eur. Heart J. - 2014. - Vol. 35. - P.3155-3179.
27. Mega J.L., Braunwald E., Mohanavelu S., et al. Rivaroxaban versus placebo in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ATLAS ACS-TIMI 46): a randomised, double-blind, phase II trial // Lancet. - 2009. - Vol. 374. - P.29-38.
28. Mega J.L., Braunwald E., Wiviott S.D., et al. Rivaroxaban in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2012. - Vol. 366. - P.9-19.
29. Mehta S.R., Granger C.B., Eikelboom J. W., et al. Efficacy and safety of fondaparinux versus enoxaparin in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: results the OASIS-5 trial // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. - 2007. - Vol. 50. - P.1742-1751.
30. Moscucci M., Fox K.A.A., Cannon C.P., et al. Predictors of major bleeding in acute coronary syndromes; the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) // Eur. Heart J. - 2003. - Vol. 24. - P.1815-1823.
31. Oldgren J., Budaj A., Granger C.B., et al. Dabigatran vs. placebo in patients with acute coronary syndromes on dual antiplatelet therapy: a randomized, double-blind, phase II trial // Eur. Heart J. - 2011. - Vol. 32. - P.2781-2789.
32. Patel M.R., Mahaffey K.W., Garg J. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2011. - Vol. 365. - P.883-891.
33. Pipilis A., Lazaros G., Tsakonas G. Triple Antithrombotic Therapy with Aspirin, a Thienopyridine Derivative Plus OralAnticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Coronary Stenting // Hellenic J. Cardiol. - 2010. - Vol. 51. - P.330-337.
34. Roffi M., Patrono C., Collet J., et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the managementof acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segmentelevation: Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) // Eur. Heart J. doi:10.1093/ eurheartj/ehv320
35. Ruff C.T., Giugliano R.P., Braunwald E., et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials // Lancet. - 2014. - Vol. 383. - P955-962.
36. Sabatine M.S., Cannon C.P., Gibson C.M., et al. Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin and fibrinolytic therapy for myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2005. - Vol. 352. - P1179.
37. Schmitt J., Duray G., Gersh B.J., et al. Atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review of the incidence, clinical features and prognostic implications // Eur. Heart J. - 2009. - Vol. 30. - P.1038-1045.
38. Sorensen R., Hansen M.L., Abildstrom S.Z., et al. Risk of bleeding in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with different combinations of aspirin, clopidogrel, and vitamin K antagonists in Denmark: a retrospective analysis of nationwide registry data // Lancet. - 2009. - Vol. 374. - Pl967-1974.
39. Steg P.G., Huber K., Andreotti F., et al. Bleeding in acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary interventions: position paper by the Working Group on Thrombosis of the European Society of Cardiology // Eur. Heart J. - 2011. - Vol. 32. - P1854-1864.
40. StegP.G., James S.K., Atar D., et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force on the management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) // Eur. Heart J. - 2012. - Vol. 33. - P2569-2619.
41. Wallentin L., Becker R.C., Budaj A., et al. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2009. - Vol. 361. - P1045-1057.
42. Windecker S., Kolh P., Alfonso F., et al. Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. The Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) // Eur. Heart J. - 2014. - Vol. 35. №37. - P.2541-2619.
43. Wiviott S.D., Braunwald E., McCabe C.H., et al. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2007. - Vol. 357. - P2001-2015.
44. Yusuf S., Zhao F., Mehta S.R., et al. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation (CURE) // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2001. - Vol. 345. - P494-502.
2. Alexander J.H., Becker R.C, Bhatt D.L., et al. Apixaban, an oral, direct, selective factor Xa inhibitor, in combination with antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome: results of the Apixaban for Prevention of Acute Ischemic and Safety Events (APPRAISE) trial // Circulation. - 2009. - Vol. 119. - P.2877- 2885.
3. Alexander J.H., Lopes R.D., Thomas L., et al. Apixaban vs. warfarin with concomitant aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the ARISTOTLE trial // Eur. Heart J. - 2014. - Vol. 35. - P.224-232.
4. Andreotti F., Testa L., Biondi-Zoccai G.G., et al. Aspirin plus warfarin compared to aspirin alone after acute coronary syndromes: an updated and comprehensive meta-analysis of 25,307 patients // Eur. Heart J. - 2006. - Vol. 27. - P.519-526.
5. Bellemain-Appaix A., Brieger D., Beygui F., et al. New P2Y12 inhibitors vs. clopidogrel in percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. - 2010. - Vol. 56. - P.542- 551.
6. Camm A. John., Lip G.Y.H., De Caterina R., et al. An update of the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association // Eur. Heart J. - 2012. - Vol.
33. - P.2719-2747.
7. Cassese S., Byrne R.A., Tada T., et al. Clinical impact of extended dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary interventions in the drug-eluting stent era: a meta-analysis of randomized trials // Eur. Heart J. - 2012. - Vol. 33. - P.3078- 3087.
Chen Z. M., JiangL. X., Chen Y.P., et al. Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial (COMMIT) // Lancet. - 2005. - Vol. 366. - P.1607-1621.
9. Dans A.L., Connolly S.J., Wallentin L., et al. Concomitant use of antiplatelet therapy with dabigatran or warfarin in the Randomized Evaluation of Long-term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) trial // Circulation. - 2013. - Vol. 127. - P.634-640.
10. De Caterina R., Husted S., Wallentin L., et al. New oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndromes ESC Working group on thrombosis. Task Force on anticoagulants in heart disease position paper // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2012. - Vol. 59. - P.1413-1425.
11. Dewilde W.J.M., Oirbans T., Verheugt F.W. WOEST study investigators. Use of clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial // Lancet. - 2013 - Vol. 381. - P.1107-1115.
12. Eikelboom J.W., Mehta S.R., Anand S.S., et al. Adverse impact of bleeding on prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome // Circulation. - 2006. - Vol. 114. - P.774-782.
13. Faxon D.P., Eikelboom J.W., Berger P., et al. Consensus document: antithrombotic therapy inpatients with atrial
fibrillation undergoing coronary stenting. A North-American perspective // Thromb. Haemost. - 2011. - Vol. 106. - P.572-584.
14. Gao F., Zhou Y.J., Wang Z.J., et al. Meta-analysis of the combination of warfarin and dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary stenting in patients with indications for chronic oral anticoagulation // Int. J. Cardiol. - 2011. - Vol. 148. №1. - P.96- 101.
15. Gibson C.M., Chakrabarti A.K., Mega J., et al. ATLAS- ACS 2 TIMI 51 Investigators. Reduction of stent thrombosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with rivaroxaban in ATLAS-ACS 2 TIMI 51 // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. - 2013. - Vol. 62. - P.286-290.
16. Granger C.B., Alexander J.H., McMurray J.J.V., et al. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial finrillation // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2011. - Vol. 365. - P.981-992.
17. Hamm C.W., Bassand J..P, Agewall S., et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) // Eur. Heart J. - 2011. - Vol. 32. - P.2999-3054.
18. Hamon M., Lemesle G., Tricot O., et al. Incidence, source, determinants, and prognostic impact of major bleeding in outpatients with stable coronary artery disease // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. - 2014. - Vol. 64. - P. 1430-1436.
19. Heidbuchel1 H., Verhamme P., Alings M., et al. European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of new oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation // Europace . - 2013. - Vol. 15. - P.625-651.
20. Heidbuchel1 H., Verhamme P., Alings M., et al. Updated European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation // Europace doi:10.1093/europace/ euv309
21. Hurlen M., Abdelnoor M., Smith P., et al. Warfarin, aspirin, or both after myocardial infarction // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2002. - Vol. 347. - P.969-974.
22. Karjalainen P.P., Vikman S., Niemela M., et al. Safety of percutaneous coronary intervention during uninterrupted oral anticoagulant treatment // Eur. Heart J. - 2008. - Vol. 29. - P. 1001-1010.
23. Lamberts M., Olesen J.B., Ruwald M.H., et al. Bleeding after initiation of multiple antithrombotic drugs, including triple therapy, in atrial fibrillation patients following myocardial infarction and coronary intervention: a nationwide cohortstudy // Circulation. - 2012. - Vol.126. - P.1185-1193.
24. Lamberts M., Gislason G.H., Olesen J.B., et al. Oral anticoagulation and antiplatelets in atrial fibrillation patients after myocardial infarction and coronary intervention // J. Am. Coll. Cadiol. - 2013. - Vol. 62. - P.981-989.
25. Lip G.Y., Huber K., Andreotti F., et al. Consensus Document of European Society of Cardiology WorkingGroup on Thrombosis. Antithrombotic management of atrial fibrillation patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome and/or undergoing coronary stenting // Eur. Heart J. - 2010. - Vol. 31. - P. 1311-1318.
26. Lip G..Y, Windecker S., Huber K., et al. Management of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome and/or undergoing percutaneous coronary or valve interventions: a joint consensus document of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis, European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) and European Association of Acute Cardiac Care (ACCA) endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and Asia- Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) // Eur. Heart J. - 2014. - Vol. 35. - P.3155-3179.
27. Mega J.L., Braunwald E., Mohanavelu S., et al. Rivaroxaban versus placebo in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ATLAS ACS-TIMI 46): a randomised, double-blind, phase II trial // Lancet. - 2009. - Vol. 374. - P.29-38.
28. Mega J.L., Braunwald E., Wiviott S.D., et al. Rivaroxaban in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2012. - Vol. 366. - P.9-19.
29. Mehta S.R., Granger C.B., Eikelboom J. W., et al. Efficacy and safety of fondaparinux versus enoxaparin in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: results the OASIS-5 trial // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. - 2007. - Vol. 50. - P.1742-1751.
30. Moscucci M., Fox K.A.A., Cannon C.P., et al. Predictors of major bleeding in acute coronary syndromes; the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) // Eur. Heart J. - 2003. - Vol. 24. - P.1815-1823.
31. Oldgren J., Budaj A., Granger C.B., et al. Dabigatran vs. placebo in patients with acute coronary syndromes on dual antiplatelet therapy: a randomized, double-blind, phase II trial // Eur. Heart J. - 2011. - Vol. 32. - P.2781-2789.
32. Patel M.R., Mahaffey K.W., Garg J. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2011. - Vol. 365. - P.883-891.
33. Pipilis A., Lazaros G., Tsakonas G. Triple Antithrombotic Therapy with Aspirin, a Thienopyridine Derivative Plus OralAnticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Coronary Stenting // Hellenic J. Cardiol. - 2010. - Vol. 51. - P.330-337.
34. Roffi M., Patrono C., Collet J., et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the managementof acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segmentelevation: Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) // Eur. Heart J. doi:10.1093/ eurheartj/ehv320
35. Ruff C.T., Giugliano R.P., Braunwald E., et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials // Lancet. - 2014. - Vol. 383. - P955-962.
36. Sabatine M.S., Cannon C.P., Gibson C.M., et al. Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin and fibrinolytic therapy for myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2005. - Vol. 352. - P1179.
37. Schmitt J., Duray G., Gersh B.J., et al. Atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review of the incidence, clinical features and prognostic implications // Eur. Heart J. - 2009. - Vol. 30. - P.1038-1045.
38. Sorensen R., Hansen M.L., Abildstrom S.Z., et al. Risk of bleeding in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with different combinations of aspirin, clopidogrel, and vitamin K antagonists in Denmark: a retrospective analysis of nationwide registry data // Lancet. - 2009. - Vol. 374. - Pl967-1974.
39. Steg P.G., Huber K., Andreotti F., et al. Bleeding in acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary interventions: position paper by the Working Group on Thrombosis of the European Society of Cardiology // Eur. Heart J. - 2011. - Vol. 32. - P1854-1864.
40. StegP.G., James S.K., Atar D., et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force on the management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) // Eur. Heart J. - 2012. - Vol. 33. - P2569-2619.
41. Wallentin L., Becker R.C., Budaj A., et al. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2009. - Vol. 361. - P1045-1057.
42. Windecker S., Kolh P., Alfonso F., et al. Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. The Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) // Eur. Heart J. - 2014. - Vol. 35. №37. - P.2541-2619.
43. Wiviott S.D., Braunwald E., McCabe C.H., et al. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2007. - Vol. 357. - P2001-2015.
44. Yusuf S., Zhao F., Mehta S.R., et al. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation (CURE) // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2001. - Vol. 345. - P494-502.
Опубликована
2018-04-13
Как цитировать
ЕНИСЕЕВА, Елена Сергеевна.
ДВОЙНАЯ И ТРОЙНАЯ АНТИТРОМБОТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ ПРИ ФИБРИЛЛЯЦИИ ПРЕДСЕРДИЙ И ОСТРОМ КОРОНАРНОМ СИНДРОМЕ.
Сибирский медицинский журнал (Иркутск) 16+, [S.l.], v. 141, n. 2, p. 18-22, апр. 2018.
ISSN 1815-7572. Доступно на: <http://smj.ismu.baikal.ru/index.php/osn/article/view/173>. Дата доступа: 25 янв. 2025
Выпуск
Раздел
Научные обзоры
