PECULIARITIES OF THE DEATH RATE OF THE POPULATION OF INDUSTRIAL CITIES OF NEW DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE PRIANGARIE
Abstract
Introduction. The urbanized territories of Eastern Siberia are a special type of socio-ecological systems, whose population has been living for a long time under the combined influence of adverse technological and socio-economic factors.
Aim of the study is to evaluate the characteristics of mortality in new development cities developing in the socio-ecological conditions of the Angara region.
Methods. For this purpose, raw statistical materials about the dead and the population of Angarsk and Shelekhov for 2011-2017 were used. On their basis, calculated relative indicators – structures, intensive (including standardized). In a comparative assessment of the indicators, the Pearson χ2 criterion was used.
Results. It was found that the dynamics of mortality rates over the observation period did not change significantly, with the exception of the male cohort of Angarsk, although mortality rates for the main classes of causes showed multidirectional dynamics both in the contingent of men and in the contingent of women. The mortality rate of men in Angarsk has decreased mainly due to a decrease in mortality by classes of external causes, respiratory diseases and diseases of the digestive system. In the cohort of women in Angarsk, a decrease in mortality rates by the above classes of causes of death was compensated for by a pronounced increase in mortality by classes of neoplasms and infectious diseases. The dynamics of death rates for men in Shelekhov according to the main classes of causes of death had a similar focus: reducing mortality from external causes and diseases of the respiratory and digestive organs, and growth from infectious diseases and neoplasms, as well as diseases of the circulatory system. The mortality of women in Shelekhov in the main classes is characterized by similar changes, but in the female cohort the mortality rate from diseases of the digestive organs has slightly increased. As a result, changes occurred in the nosological hierarchy of the causes of death for men: the class of neoplasms rose to the second ranking position, and the class of external causes of death shifted to the third. In the cohort of women in Shelekhov, the class of external causes shifted to fourth place, giving way to the class of diseases of the digestive organs. This circumstance can speak about positive changes in the quality of life of the population. Still, the main cause of irretrievable demographic losses remains circulatory system diseases, the mortality rate for which in the studied cities has increased, while in the region as a whole this indicator has decreased. Standardized mortality rates as compared with the average regional for this class, as well as for classes of neoplasms and diseases of the digestive organs have higher values in the studied cities. In addition, there is a higher mortality rate in the class of respiratory diseases in the city of Angarsk. Excess mortality by these classes of causes of death may be associated with increased man-made burden on the health of the population in industrial cities. The values of standardized mortality rates of both sexes in the studied cities by the class of the circulatory system almost did not differ; in the class of respiratory diseases were higher in the city of Angarsk; in the class of neoplasms in the male cohort and in the class of infectious diseases in the cohort of women were higher in the city of Shelekhov. As a result, the total mortality rate in the studied cities began to exceed the regional level by 7,0-18,2%, although at the beginning of the observation period it was lower by 3,5-12,7%.
Conclusion. Both positive and negative trends in the mortality characteristics of the population of new development cities in the Angara region were revealed. There are significant reserves and opportunities to reduce irrevocable demographic losses in these urban areas.
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